| Castletownroche Baile Chaisleáin an Róistigh |
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| — Village — | |
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Castletownroche
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Cork |
| Time zone | WET (UTC+0) |
| • Summer (DST) | IST (WEST) (UTC-1) |
| Irish Grid Reference | |
Castletownroche (Irish: Baile Chaisleán an Róistigh) is a village on the N72 National secondary road in County Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland. In ancient times, it was known in Irish as Dún Chruadha, meaning Cruadha's Fort. Castletownroche is located on the River Awbeg in the Blackwater Valley about eight miles (13 km) from Mallow.
In 1999, the annual National Ploughing Championship was held here.[1]
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The first historical record about Castletownroche is from the late 13th century when the Anglo-Norman family of Roache established a fortress here. [2] They were descendants of Richard FitzGodebert (Richard, son of Godebert) who came with Strongbow to Ireland. Their family had a castle in Pembrokeshire that was built upon a outcrop of stone and they became known as FitzGodebert de la Roch (FitzGodebert of the Rock). From that, their Hiberno-Norman descendants were known as "de la Roch" and finally, Roche. It is from this element, and the castle they built here in County Cork, that Castletownroche gets its name.[2]
Like many of the Anglo-Norman families that arrived as invaders, the Roaches eventually became loyal to interests different from those of Britain, allied with the Gaelic aristocracy, and came to be regarded as rebels.[2] After centuries of sporadic conflict, the Roaches were routed from their castle. In 1666 Lieutenant Colonel John Widenham, who had lived in County Clare, got the castle as reward. Castletownroche was renamed Castle Widenham.[2]
In 1666 Lieutenant Colonel John Widenham, who had lived in County Clare, and whose conduct in the defence of Cork had been doubtful to say the least, got the castle as reward. The extraordinary thing is that the patent was dated 1666 after the restoration and was in respect of 'arrears due'. He died in 1679 and the estate passed to his brother Thomas.
Castletownroche was renamed Castle Widenham. The Widenhams rebuilt the castle in its present form, utilising the old keep as a principal part. In time it passed to the Widenham-Creaghs, and then by marriage to H Mitchell Smyth, one of the Smyths of Ballinatray.
The direct line of Widenham’s still live in Éire, with the patriarchs Richard Charles Widenham Smyth and his wife Brigid Sidney Lowry Smyth living in Leap, Co. Cork, about fifty miles from Castletownroche.
The Widenhams rebuilt the Roache's medieval castle in its present form, utilizing the old keep as a principal part. In time it passed to the Widenham-Creaghs, and then by marriage to H. Mitchell Smyth, one of the Smyths of Ballinatray.[2] The Nordstrom family, present owners of what is now called Blackwater Castle and the 50-acre (200,000 m2) estate surrounding it are unrelated to this line. The property has recently been restored to accommodate commercial guests. The owner hopes to make the castle financially self-sustainable so it can be open to the public without need for state funding. Recently the castle has been home to TAPSS, a philosophy and sociology summer-school program, which fulfills the owner's hope of the castle becoming a "think tank" which could be part of a "revolution in reason".
Shortly before Christmas 1942, as World War II was raging on the continent, a tall, well built man in his early thirties appeared in Castletownroche, gave his name as Oskar Metzke, and said that he was a Czech who was discharged from the British Army as being medically unfit.[2] He produced identification, but when searched by the Garda was found to possess a map with aerial views of the local countryside, a compass, a combined torch and fountain pen and most intriguingly, a Luger pistol.[2]
While the Garda were deciding what to do with him, he was left in the care of the Barrack Orderly. William Mannix, the son of that officer, wrote the following account:
I was a very young boy at the time, but the story was often repeated to me by my father. Oskar Metzke was sitting quietly by the fireplace, when he asked Garda Mannix if he could eat some of his bread and cheese. On receiving permission, he walked over to the table where it lay. He started to eat his frugal meal, then turned his back on the Garda. Seconds later Oskar Metzke was in convulsions, it was obvious that he had swallowed something lethal and my father, Garda Mannix, did his utmost to retrieve it from his mouth, but already the German was unconscious. Within a matter of minutes Metzke was dead...the subsequent inquest Coroner Nagle of Buttevant revealed that Oskar Metzke had taken a deadly poison, cyanide of potassium.[2]
Some days later, the funeral of Oskar Metzke took place to the old churchyard of St Mary's, situated on a hill overlooking the River Awbeg. Many people from the village attended the simple ceremony. Some years later his body was exhumed and subsequently buried in a German cemetery at Glencree in County Wicklow.[2] It has since been confirmed that the Nazis had several secret plans involving Ireland, such as Operation Osprey. However, the exact identity and motives of the man calling himself Oskar Metzke, and whether he was a simple soldier or an SS spy, are likely to remain unknown.
Attractions in Castletownroche include Blackwater Castle, Anne's Grove Gardens, and the ruins of Bridgetown Abbey, a 13th century Augustinian monastery of the priors of St. Victor.[1]
Knockanare Well It is situated on the left bank of the River Awbeg, about a half-mile east of Buttevant and southeast of the Ballyhoura Mountains. A Sheela na Gig once stood next to this holy well, indicative of its importance as a mystical site for many centuries. The water from this well remains crystal-clear and sweet.[2]
Now open to the public, this romantic, Robinsonian-style garden was laid out in the early twentieth century and incorporates elements of an earlier, 18th century ornamented glen. Many of the rare rhododendrons within its extensive woodland gardens were collected on expedition by Frank Kingdon-Ward. Magnolias, hoherias and eucryphias grow to unusual size on sheltered cliffs overlooking the river. Behind the 18th century house, paths wind past limestone cliffs and offer glimpses of the river, lily ponds and meadow below. Riverside walks are bordered by giant foliage plants and naturalised day lilyies, astilbes and primulas.[3]
Castletownroche railway station opened on 1 May 1861, but finally closed on 27 March 1967.[4] This railway station is actually much closer to Killavullen than Castletownroche and served both villages.
The 1826 Tithe Applotment for the Civil Parish of Castletownroche (Diocese of Cloyne) lists the following townlands:[5]